Analysis of Pre- and Post-Monsoon Suspended Sediments in the Gulf of Kachchh, India Using Remote Sensing

Abstract

A comprehensive study of satellite-derived suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during pre- and post-monsoon has been conducted with full-month cycles of tidal responses to study the suspended sediment dynamics in the Gulf of Kachchh. Tidal data were interpreted in conjunction with the OCEANSAT-1 ocean color monitor (OCM)-derived SSC for pre- and post-monsoon. The analysis of the data shows that the Gulf is predominantly affected by the tidal changes. The average SSC during pre-monsoon were 30.8 mg/l (high tide) and 24.1 mg/l (low tide); and during post-monsoon 19.7 mg/l (high tide) and 21.8 mg/l (low tide). The only little monsoonal influence is seen when Indus River discharges sediments during pre-monsoon due to increased sediment flux from its origin, Himalayas in spring (February-April) as compared to less sediment discharge observed during winter (November-December). The pre-monsoon SSC images show overall high suspended sediments whereas post-monsoon SSC images show comparatively low SSC. The use of enhanced resolution ocean color satellite data (<360 m spatial resolution) for deriving higher SSC (>40 mg/l) for moderate/normal/high monsoon years under similar tidal conditions, and for quantifying sediment dispersal and dynamics and its validation is suggested as a future avenue of research.