Quartic isospin asymmetry energy of nuclear matter from chiral pion-nucleon dynamics

Abstract

Based on a chiral approach to nuclear matter, we calculate the quartic term in the expansion of the equation of state of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter. The contributions to the quartic isospin asymmetry energy $A_4(k_f)$ arising from $1\pi$-exchange and chiral $2\pi$-exchange in nuclear matter are calculated analytically together with three-body terms involving virtual $\Delta(1232)$-isobars. From these interaction terms one obtains at saturation density $\rho_0 = 0.16\,$fm$^{-3}$ the value $A_4(k_{f0})= 1.5\,$MeV, more than three times as large as the kinetic energy part. Moreover, iterated $1\pi$-exchange exhibits components for which the fourth derivative with the respect to the isospin asymmetry parameter $\delta$ becomes singular at $\delta =0$. The genuine presence of a non-analytical term $\delta^4 \ln|\delta|$ in the expansion of the energy per particle of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter is demonstrated by evaluating a s-wave contact interaction at second order.