Uniqueness of Banach space valued graphons

Abstract

A Banach space valued graphon is a function $W:(\Omega, \mathcal{A},\pi)^2\to\mathcal{Z}$ from a probability space to a Banach space with a separable predual, measurable in a suitable sense, and lying in appropriate $L^p$-spaces. As such we may consider $W(x,y)$ as a two-variable random element of the Banach space. A two-dimensional analogue of moments can be defined with the help of graphs and weak-* evaluations, and a natural question that then arises is whether these generalized moments determine the function $W$ uniquely -- up to measure preserving transformations. The main motivation comes from the theory of multigraph limits, where these graphons arise as the natural limit objects for convergence in a generalized homomorphism sense. Our main result is that this holds true under some Carleman-type condition, but fails in general even with $\mathcal{Z}=\mathbb{R}$, for reasons related to the classical moment-problem. In particular, limits of multigraph sequences are uniquely determined - up to measure preserving transformations - whenever the tails of the edge-distributions stay small enough.