Exceptional solutions in two-mode quantum Rabi models

Abstract

We study two models describing the interaction of a two-level system with two quantum field modes. The first one is equivalent to a dissipative two-state system with just two boson fields in the absence of tunneling. The second describes two orthogonal fields interacting with the corresponding orthogonal dipoles of a two-level system. We show that both models present a partial two-mode $SU(2)$ symmetry and that they can be solved in the exceptional case of resonant fields. We study their ground state configurations, that is, we find the quantum precursors of the corresponding semi-classical phase transitions, as well as their whole spectra to infer their integrability. We show that the first model in the exceptional case is isomorphic with the quantum Rabi model and allows just two ground state configurations, vacuum and non-vacuum. The second model allows four ground state configurations, one vacuum, two non-vacuum single mode and one non-vacuum dual mode, and give analytic and numerical pointers that may suggest its integrability. We also show that in the single excitation subspace these models can serve as a fast $SU(2)$ beam splitter even in the ultra-strong coupling regime.