Neutral-current Hall effects in disordered graphene

Abstract

A non-local Hall bar geometry is used to detect neutral-current Hall effects in graphene on silicon dioxide. Disorder is tuned by the addition of Au or Ir adatoms in ultra-high vacuum. A reproducible neutral-current Hall effect is found in both as-fabricated and adatom-decorated graphene. The Hall angle exhibits a complex but reproducible dependence on gate voltage and disorder, and notably breaks electron-hole symmetry. An exponential dependence on length between Hall and inverse-Hall probes indicates a neutral current relaxation length of approximately 300 nm. The short relaxation length and lack of precession in parallel magnetic field suggest that the neutral currents are valley currents. The near lack of temperature dependence from 7-300 K is unprecedented and promising for using controlled disorder for room temperature neutral-current electronics.