On the Sylvester matrix equation over quaternions

Abstract

The Sylvester equation $AX-XB=C$ is considered in the setting of quaternion matrices. Conditions that are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a unique solution are well-known. We study the complementary case where the equation either has infinitely many solutions or does not have solutions at all. Special attention is given to the case where $A$ and $B$ are respectively, lower and upper triangular two-diagonal matrices (in particular, if $A$ and $B$ are Jordan blocks)