Bloch Radii Repulsion in Separable Two-Qubit Systems

Abstract

Milz and Strunz recently reported substantial evidence to further support the previously conjectured separability probability of $\frac{8}{33}$ for two-qubit systems ($\rho$) endowed with Hilbert-Schmidt measure. Additionally, they found that along the radius ($r$) of the Bloch ball representing either of the two single-qubit subsystems, this value appeared constant (but jumping to unity at the locus of the pure states, $r=1$). Further, they also observed (personal communication) such separability probability $r$-invariance, when using, more broadly, random induced measure ($K=3,4,5,\ldots$), with $K=4$ corresponding to the (symmetric) Hilbert-Schmidt case. Among the findings here is that this invariance is maintained even after splitting the separability probabilities into those parts arising from the determinantal inequality $|\rho^{PT}| >|\rho|$ and those from $|\rho| > |\rho^{PT}| >0$, where the partial transpose is indicated. The nine-dimensional set of generic two-re[al]bit states endowed with Hilbert-Schmidt measure is also examined, with similar $r$-invariance conclusions. Contrastingly, two-qubit separability probabilities based on the Bures (minimal monotone) measure {\it diminish} with $r$. Moreover, we study the forms that the separability probabilities take as joint (bivariate) functions of the radii ($r_A, r_B$) of the Bloch balls of {\it both} single-qubit subsystems. Here, a form of Bloch radii {\it repulsion} for separable two-qubit systems emerges in {\it all} our several analyses. Separability probabilities tend to be smaller when the lengths of the two radii are closer. In Appendix A, we report certain companion analytic results for the much-investigated, more amenable (7-dimensional) $X$-states model.