Ellipsoidal BGK model near a global Maxwellian

Abstract

The BGK model has been widely used in place of the Boltzmann equation because of the qualitatively satisfactory results it provides at relatively low computational cost. There is, however, a major drawback to the BGK model: The hydrodynamic limit at the Navier-Stokes level is not correct. One evidence is that the Prandtl number computed using the BGK model does not agree with what is derived from the Boltzmann equation. To overcome this problem, Holway \cite{Holway} introduced the ellipsoidal BGK model where the local Maxwellian is replaced by a non-isotropic Gaussian. In this paper, we prove the existence of classical solutions of the ES-BGK model when the initial data is a small perturbation of the global Maxwellian. The key observation is that the degeneracy of the ellipsoidal BGK model is comparable to that of the original BGK model or the Boltzmann equation in the range $-1/2<ν<1$.