First Results of $\nu_e$ Appearance Analysis and Electron Neutrino Identification at NOvA

Abstract

NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment that is optimized for $\nu_\mu\to\nu_e$ measurements. It uses the upgraded NuMI beam from Fermilab and measures electron-neutrino appearance and muon-neutrino disappearance at its Far Detector in Ash River, Minnesota. The $\nu_e$ appearance analysis at NOvA aims to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy problem and to constrain the CP-violating phase. The first data set of $2.74\times10^{20}$ protons on target (POT) equivalent exposure taken by NOvA has been analyzed. The first measurement of electron-neutrino appearance in NOvA provides solid evidence of $\nu_\mu\to\nu_e$ oscillation with the NuMI beam line. Electron-neutrino identification is the key ingredient for the $\nu_e$ appearance analysis. The electron-identification algorithm used to produce the primary results presented here compares 3-D shower-energy profiles with Monte Carlo prototypes to construct likelihoods for each particle hypothesis. Particle likelihoods, among other event-topology variables, are used as inputs to an Artificial Neural Network for the final electron-neutrino identification. The design and implementation of this algorithm is also presented.