New Physics in $B$ decays

Abstract

While the LHC did not observe direct evidence for physics beyond the standard model, indirect hints for new physics were uncovered in the flavour sector in the decays $B\to K^*\mu^+\mu^-$, $B\to K\mu^+\mu^-/B\to Ke^+e^-$, $B_s\to\phi\mu^+\mu^-$, $B\to D^{(*)}\tau\nu$ and $h\to\tau^\pm\mu^\mp$. Each observable deviates from the SM predictions at the $2-3\,\sigma$ level only, but combining all $b\to s\mu^+\mu^-$ data via a global fit, one finds $4-5\,\sigma$ difference for NP compared to the SM and combining $B\to D^{*}\tau\nu$ with $B\to D\tau\nu$ one obtains $3.9\,\sigma$. While $B\to D^{(*)}\tau\nu$ and $h\to\tau\mu$ can be naturally explained by an extended Higgs sector, the $b\to s\mu^+\mu^-$ anomalies point at a $Z'$ gauge boson. However, it is also possible to explain $B\to D^{(*)}\tau\nu$ and $b\to s\mu^+\mu^-$ simultaneously with leptoquarks while their effect in $h\to\tau^\pm\mu^\mp$ is far too small to account for current data. Combining a 2HDM with a gauged $L_\mu-L_\tau$ symmetry allows for explaining the $b\to s\mu^+\mu^-$ anomalies in combination with $h\to\tau^\pm\mu^\mp$, predicting interesting correlations with $\tau\to3\mu$. In the light of these deviations from the SM we also discuss the possibilities of observing lepton flavour violating $B$ decays (e.g. $B\to K^{(*)}\tau^\pm\mu^\mp$ and $B_s\to\tau^\pm\mu^\mp$).