Biexponential decay and ultralong coherence of a single qubit

Abstract

A quantum two-state system, weakly coupled to a heat bath, is traditionally studied in the Born-Markov regime under the secular approximation with completely positive linear master equations. Despite its success, this microscopic approach exclusively predicts exponential decays and Lorentzian susceptibility profiles, in disagreement with a number of experimental findings. To leave this limited paradigm, we use a phenomenological positive nonlinear master equation being both thermodynamically and statistically consistent. We find that, beyond a temperature-dependent threshold, a bifurcation in the decoherence time $T_2$ takes place; it gives rise to a biexponential decay and a susceptibility profile being neither Gaussian nor Lorentzian. This implies that, for suitable initial states, a major prolongation of the coherence can be obtained in agreement with recent experiments. Moreover, $T_2$ is no longer limited by the energy relaxation time $T_1$ offering novel perspectives to elaborate devices for quantum information processing.