Non-recurrent parameter rays of the Mandelbrot set

Abstract

In this paper, we prove that any parameter ray at a non-recurrent angle $\theta$ lands at a non-recurrent parameter $c$ with $\theta$ a characteristic angle of $f_c$; and conversely, every non-recurrent parameter $c$ is the landing point of one or two parameter rays at non-recurrent angles, and these angles are exactly the characteristic angles of $f_c$.