Approximation of Schr\"odinger operators with $\delta$-interactions supported on hypersurfaces

Abstract

We show that a Schr\"odinger operator $A_{\delta, \alpha}$ with a $\delta$-interaction of strength $\alpha$ supported on a bounded or unbounded $C^2$-hypersurface $\Sigma \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d\ge 2$, can be approximated in the norm resolvent sense by a family of Hamiltonians with suitably scaled regular potentials. The differential operator $A_{\delta, \alpha}$ with a singular interaction is regarded as a self-adjoint realization of the formal differential expression $-\Delta - \alpha \langle \delta_{\Sigma}, \cdot \rangle \delta_{\Sigma}$, where $\alpha\colon\Sigma\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is an arbitrary bounded measurable function. We discuss also some spectral consequences of this approximation result.