U(1) Emergence versus Chiral Symmetry Restoration in the Ashkin Teller Model

Abstract

We show that suppression of vortices in the Ashkin Teller ferromagnet on a square lattice splits the order-disorder transition and opens up an intermediate phase where the macroscopic symmetry enhances to U(1). When we selectively suppress the formation of non-chiral vortices, chiral vortices proliferate and replace the U(1) phase with a new phase where chiral symmetry is restored. This result demonstrates a fascinating phenomenon in which the symmetry information encoded in topological defects manifests itself in the symmetry of the phase where the defects proliferate. We also show that this phenomenon can occur in all $\mathbb{Z}_n$ ferromagnets with even values of $n$.