Stochastic Airy semigroup through tridiagonal matrices

Abstract

We determine the operator limit for large powers of random tridiagonal matrices as the size of the matrix grows. The result provides a novel expression in terms of functionals of Brownian motions for the Laplace transform of the Airy$_\beta$ process, which describes the largest eigenvalues in the $\beta$ ensembles of random matrix theory. Another consequence is a Feynman-Kac formula for the stochastic Airy operator of Ram\'{i}rez, Rider, and Vir\'{a}g. As a side result, we find that the difference between the area underneath a standard Brownian excursion and one half of the integral of its squared local times is a Gaussian random variable.