A numerical study of the the response of transient inhomogeneous flames to pressure fluctuations and negative stretch in contracting hydrogen/air flames

Abstract

Transient premixed hydrogen/air flames contracting through inhomogeneous fuel distributions and subjected to stretch and pressure oscillations are investigated numerically using an implicit method which couples the fully compressible flow to the realistic chemistry and multicomponent transport properties. The impact of increasing {\em negative} stretch is investigated through the use of planar, cylindrical and spherical geometries, and a comparison with the results from {\em positively} stretched expanding H2/air flames (MALIK2010) and CH4/air flames (MALIK2012a) is made. A flame relaxation number $n_R=\tau_R/\tau_L$ ($\tau_R$ is the time that the flame takes to return to the mean equilibrium conditions after initial disturbance; $\tau_L$ is a flame time scale) decreases by 10\% with increasing {\em negative} stretch, in contrast to the two expanding flames where $n_R$ decreased by 40\% with increasing {\em positive} stretch. $n_R$ appears to much more sensitive to variations in positive/negative curvature than to the thermo-chemistry of different flame types. $n_R$ may thus be a useful indicator of the strength of flame-curvature coupling. The spectra of pressure fluctuations $E_p(\omega)$ scale close to $\sim\omega^{-3}$, which is steeper than in the expanding H2/air flames where $E_p(\omega)\sim\omega^{-2}$. Rapid transport ('flapping') of the flame front by the largest convective velocities induced by the random pressure fluctuations is prominent because of the lack of gas velocity ahead of the flame, $u_g=0$. 'Memory effects' between fuel consumption and the rate of heat release is obscured by the flapping, although the contracting flames display short time-lags in the mean.