Quantum noise limit for force sensitivity of linear detectors

Abstract

We prove that the force sensitivity of the conventional optomechanical detector associated with the optical quadrature measurement of the output beam is lower bounded by the so-called ultimate quantum limit (UQL), i.e., the absolute value of the imaginary part of the inverse mechanical susceptibility. Through the linear response theory, we find that the force sensitivity of any linear detector is lower bounded by a generalized UQL, which might beat the usual UQL by properly tailoring the detector-oscillator interaction. We believe that our results open a new direction for improving the performance of high-sensitivity detection schemes.