Minimax principles, Hardy-Dirac inequalities and operator cores for two and three dimensional Coulomb-Dirac operators

Abstract

For $n\in\{2,3\}$ we prove minimax characterisations of eigenvalues in the gap of the $n$ dimensional Dirac operator with an potential, which may have a Coulomb singularity with a coupling constant up to the critical value $1/(4-n)$. This result implies a so-called Hardy-Dirac inequality, which can be used to define a distinguished self-adjoint extension of the Coulomb-Dirac operator defined on $\mathsf{C}_{0}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\};\mathbb{C}^{2(n-1)})$, as long as the coupling constant does not exceed $1/(4-n)$. We also find an explicit description of an operator core of this operator.