Pseudo-real multiplication and an application to Teichm\"uller curves

Abstract

In this paper, we classify three-dimensional complex Abelian varieties isogenous to a product $A_1 \times A_2$, where one of the factors admits real multiplication by a real quadratic order $\mathcal{O}_D$ of discriminant $D$. We show that the moduli space $X_D^{(3)}$ of these varieties essentially is the disjoint union of certain Hilbert modular varieties $X_{\mathfrak{a}}$, each component depending on the choice of an ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of $\mathcal{O}_D$. We give an explicit construction of these varieties. We show that the boundary of the eigenform locus for pseudo-real multiplication by an order $\mathcal{O}$ in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D}) \oplus \mathbb{Q}$ over geometric genus zero stable curves is contained in the union of subvarieties defined by equations involving cross-ratios of projective coordinates. Moreover, restricted to certain topological types of stable curves relevant to the classification of primitive Teichm\"uller curves, we show that the boundary of the eigenform locus coincides with the subspace cut out by these cross-ratio equations. We compute these equations for the example of genus three Prym Teichm\"uller curves.