Exact quantum field mappings between different experiments on quantum gases

Abstract

Experiments on trapped quantum gases can probe challenging regimes of quantum many-body dynamics, where strong interactions or non-equilibrium states prevent exact solutions. Here we present an exact result which holds even when no exact solutions can be found: a class of spacetime mappings of different experiments onto each other, as long as the gas particles interact via two-body potentials which possess a scaling property that most real interactions do possess. Since our result is an identity relating second-quantized field operators in the Heisenberg picture of quantum mechanics, it is otherwise general; it applies to arbitrary measurements on any mixtures of Bose or Fermi gases, in arbitrary initial states. Practical applications of this mapping include perfect simulation of non-trivial experiments with other experiments which may be easier to perform.