Fabrication of colloidal Laves phases via hard tetramers and hard spheres: bulk phase diagram and sedimentation behaviour

Abstract

Colloidal photonic crystals display peculiar optical properties which make them particularly suitable for application in different fields. However, the low packing fraction of the targeted structures usually poses a real challenge in the fabrication stage. Here, we propose a novel route to colloidal photonic crystals via a binary mixture of hard tetramers and hard spheres. By combining theory and computer simulations, we calculate the phase diagram as well as the stacking diagram of the mixture, and show that a colloidal analogue of the MgCu2 Laves phase -- which can serve as a precursor of a photonic bandgap structure -- is a thermodynamically stable phase in a large region of the phase diagram. Our findings show a relatively large coexistence region between the fluid and the Laves phase, which is potentially accessible by experiments. Furthermore, we determine the sedimentation behaviour of the suggested mixture, by identifying several stacking sequences. Our work uncovers a new self-assembly path towards a photonic structure with a band gap in the visible region.