Cross-Frequency Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations During Cognition

Abstract

How the brain co-ordinates the actions of distant regions in an efficient manner is an open problem. Many believe that cross-frequency coupling between the amplitude of high frequency local field potential oscillations in one region and the phase of lower frequency signals in another may form a possible mechanism. This work provides a preliminary study from both an experimental and theoretical viewpoint, concentrating on possible coupling between the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex in rats during tasks involving working memory, spatial navigation and decision making processes. Attempts to search for such coupling events are made using newly developed MATLAB scripts. This leads to the discovery of increased envelope-to-signal correlation (ESC) between the 1-10 Hz hippocampus theta and 30-40 Hz pre-fontal cortex gamma bands when a choice turn is approached during a T-maze task. From a theoretical perspective, a standard connectionist modelling approach is extended to allow for the formation of oscillations. Although detrimental to overall average task performance, this did lead to a reduced increase in performance variation as noise was increased, when compared to a standard non-oscillating model.