Estimation of the Shear Viscosity from 3FD Simulations of Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 3.3--39 GeV

Abstract

An effective shear viscosity in central Au+Au collisions is estimated in the range of incident energies 3.3 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model employing three different equations of state with and without the deconfinement transition. In order to estimate this effective viscosity, we consider the entropy produced in the 3FD simulations as if it is generated within the conventional one-fluid viscous hydrodynamics. It is found that the effective viscosity within different considered scenarios is very similar at the expansion stage of the collision: as a function of temperature ($T$) the viscosity-to-entropy ratio behaves as $\eta/s \sim 1/T^4$; as a function of net-baryon density ($n_B$), $\eta/s \sim 1/s$, i.e. it is mainly determined by the density dependence of the entropy density. The above dependencies take place along the dynamical trajectories of Au+Au collisions. At the final stages of the expansion the $\eta/s$ values are ranged from $\sim$0.05 at highest considered energies to $\sim$0.5 at the lowest ones.