Grand Projection State: A Single Microscopic State to Determine Free Energy

Abstract

Recently, we clarify connection of spatial constraint and equilibrium macroscopic properties in disordered states of classical system under the fixed composition; namely few special microscopic states, independent of constituent elements, can describe macroscopic properties. In this study, we extend our developed approach to composition-unfixed system. Through this extension in binary system, we discover a single special microscopic state to determine not only composition but also Helmholtz free energy measured from unary system, which has not been described by a single state.