Boson Stars in a Theory of Complex Scalar Fields coupled to $U(1)$ Gauge Field and Gravity

Abstract

We study boson shells and boson stars in a theory of complex scalar field coupled to the $U(1)$ gauge field $A_{\mu}$ and Einstein gravity with the potential: $V(|\Phi|) := \frac{1}{2} m^{2} \left(|\Phi|+ a \right)^2$. This could be considered either as a theory of massive complex scalar field coupled to electromagnetic field and gravity in a conical potential or as a theory in the presence of a potential which is an overlap of a parabolic and a conical potential. Our theory has a positive cosmological constant $(\Lambda := 4 \pi G m^2 a^2)$. Boson stars are found to come in two types, having either ball-like or shell-like charge density. We have studied the properties of these solutions and have also determined their domains of existence for some specific values of the parameters of the theory. Similar solutions have also been obtained by Kleihaus, Kunz, Laemmerzahl and List, in a V-shaped scalar potential.