Isometric copies of directed trees in orientations of graphs

Abstract

For every $n\in\mathbb N$ we construct a finite graph $G$ such that every orientation $\vec G$ of $G$ contains an isometric copy of any oriented tree on $n$ vertices, and evaluate the smallest possible cardinality of $G$. On the other hand, we prove that every graph $G$ admits an orientation containing no directed $\omega$-paths of infinite diameter.