Veiled symmetry of disordered Parity-Time lattices: protected PT-threshold and the fate of localization

Abstract

Open, non-equilibrium systems with balanced gain and loss, known as parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$)-symmetric systems, exhibit properties that are absent in closed, isolated systems. A key property is the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking transition, which occurs when the gain-loss strength, a measure of the openness of the system, exceeds the intrinsic energy-scale of the system. We analyze the fate of this transition in disordered lattices with non-Hermitian gain and loss potentials $\pm i\gamma$ at reflection-symmetric sites. Contrary to the popular belief, we show that the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric phase is protected in the presence of a correlated (periodic) disorder which leads to a positive $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking threshold. We uncover a veiled symmetry of such disordered systems that is instrumental for the said protection, and show that this symmetry leads to new localization behavior across the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking transition. We elucidate the interplay between such localization and the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking phenomena in disordered $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric lattices, and support our conclusions with a beam-propagation-method analysis. Our theoretical predictions provide avenues for experimental realizations of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric systems with engineered disorder.