Criteria for the Existence of Principal Eigenvalues of Time Periodic Cooperative Linear Systems with Nonlocal Dispersal

Abstract

The current paper {establishes} criteria for the existence of principal eigenvalues of time periodic cooperative linear nonlocal dispersal systems with Direchlet type, Neumann type or periodic type boundary conditions. It is shown that such a nonlocal dispersal system has a principal eigenvalue in the following cases: the nonlocal dispersal distance is sufficiently small; the spatial inhomogeneity satisfies a so called vanishing condition; or the spatial inhomogeneity is nearly globally homogeneous. Moreover, it is shown that the principal eigenvalue of a time periodic cooperative linear nonlocal dispersal system (if it exists) is algebraically simple. A linear nonlocal dispersal system may not have a principal eigenvalue. The results established in the current paper extend those in literature for time independent or periodic nonlocal dispersal equations to time periodic cooperative nonlocal dispersal systems and {will} serve as {a} basic tool for the study of cooperative nonlinear systems with nonlocal dispersal.