Singular effective slip length for longitudinal flow over a dense bubble mattress

Abstract

We consider the effective hydrophobicity of a periodically grooved surface immersed in liquid, with trapped shear-free bubbles protruding between the no-slip ridges at a $\pi/2$ contact angle. Specifically, we carry out a singular-perturbation analysis in the limit $\epsilon\ll1$ where the bubbles are closely spaced, finding the effective slip length (normalised by the bubble radius) for longitudinal flow along the the ridges as ${\pi}/{\sqrt{2\epsilon}}-(12/\pi)\ln 2 + (13\pi/24)\sqrt{2\epsilon}+ o(\sqrt{\epsilon})$, the small parameter $\epsilon$ being the planform solid fraction. The square-root divergence highlights the strong hydrophobic character of this configuration; this leading singular term (along with the third term) follows from a local lubrication-like analysis of the gap regions between the bubbles, together with general matching considerations and a global conservation relation. The $O(1)$ constant term is found by matching with a leading-order solution in the "outer'" region, where the bubbles appear to be touching. We find excellent agreement between our slip-length formula and a numerical scheme recently derived using a "unified-transform" method (D. Crowdy, IMA J. Appl. Math., 80 1902, 2015). The comparison demonstrates that our asymptotic formula, together with the diametric "dilute-limit" approximation (D. Crowdy, J. Fluid Mech., 791 R7, 2016), provides an elementary analytical description for essentially arbitrary no-slip fractions.