The radiative efficiency of relativistic jet and wind: A case study of GRB 070110

Abstract

A rapidly spinning, strongly magnetized neutron star is invoked as the central engine for some Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), especially, the $"$internal plateau$"$ feature of X-ray afterglow. However, for these $"$internal plateau$"$ GRBs, how to produce their prompt emission remains an open question. Two different physical process have been proposed in the literature, (1) a new-born neutron star is surrounded by a hyper-accreting and neutrino cooling disk, the GRB jet can be powered by neutrino annihilation aligning the spin axis; (2) a differentially rotating millisecond pulsar was formed due to different angular velocity between the interior core and outer shell parts of the neutron star, which can power an episodic GRB jet. In this paper, by analyzing the data of one peculiar GRB 070110 (with internal plateau), we try to test which model being favored. By deriving the physical parameters of magnetar with observational data, the parameter regime for initial period ($P_{0\rm }$) and surface polar cap magnetic field ($B_{\rm p}$) of the central NS are $(0.96\sim 1.2 )~\rm ms$ and $(2.4\sim 3.7)\times 10^{14}~\rm G$, respectively. The radiative efficiency of prompt emission is about $\eta_{\gamma} \sim 6\%$. However, the radiative efficiency of internal plateau ($\eta_{\rm X}$) is larger than $31\%$ assuming the $M_{\rm NS}\sim1.4 M_{\odot}$ and $P_{0\rm }\sim1.2 ~\rm ms$. The clear difference between the radiation efficiencies of prompt emission and internal plateau implies that they maybe originated from different components (e.g. prompt emission from the relativistic jet powered by neutrino annihilation, while the internal plateau from the magnetic outflow wind).