Nilpotent linearized polynomials over finite fields and applications

Abstract

Let $q$ be a prime power and $\mathbb F_{q^n}$ be the finite field with $q^n$ elements, where $n>1$. We introduce the class of the linearized polynomials $L(x)$ over $\mathbb F_{q^n}$ such that $$L^{(t)}(x):=\underbrace{L(L(\cdots(x)\cdots))}_{t \quad\text{times}}\equiv 0\pmod {x^{q^n}-x}$$ for some $t\ge 2$, called nilpotent linearized polynomials (NLP's). We discuss the existence and construction of NLP's and, as an application, we show how to construct permutations of $\mathbb F_{q^n}$ from these polynomials. For some of those permutations, we can explicitly give the compositional inverse map and the cycle structure. This paper also contains a method for constructing involutions over binary fields with no fixed points, which are useful in block ciphers.