Global solution curves for self-similar equations

Abstract

We consider positive solutions of a semilinear Dirichlet problem \[ \Delta u+\lambda f(u)=0, \;\; \mbox{for $|x|<1$}, \;\; u=0 , \;\; \mbox{when $|x|=1$} \] on a unit ball in $R^n$. For four classes of self-similar equations it is possible to parameterize the entire (global) solution curve through the solution of a single initial value problem. This allows us to derive results on the multiplicity of solutions, and on their Morse indices. In particular, we easily recover the classical results of D.D. Joseph and T.S. Lundgren [6] on the Gelfand problem. Surprisingly, the situation turns out to be different for the generalized Gelfand problem, where infinitely many turns are possible for any space dimension $n \geq 3$. We also derive detailed results for the equation modeling electrostatic micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), in particular we easily recover the main result of Z. Guo and J. Wei [4], and we show that the Morse index of the solutions increases by one at each turn. We also consider the self-similar Henon's equation.