What's the nature of sdA stars?

Abstract

White dwarfs with log g lower than 7.0 are called Extremely Low Mass white dwarfs (ELMs). They were first found as companions to pulsars, then to other white dwarfs and main sequence stars (The ELM Survey: 2010 to 2016), and can only be formed in interacting binaries in the age of the Universe. In our SDSS DR12 white dwarf catalog (Kepler et al. 2016), we found a few thousand stars in the effective temperature and surface gravity ranges attributed to ELMs. We have called these objects sdAs, alluding to their narrow hydrogen line spectra showing sub-main sequence log g. One possible explanation for the sdAs is that they are ELMs. Increasing the ELMs sample would help constrain the number of close binaries in the Galaxy. Interestingly, if they turn out to be A stars with an overestimated log g, the distance modulus would put these young stars in the Galaxy's halo.