Energy spectrum and critical exponents of the free parafermion $Z_N$ spin chain

Abstract

Results are given for the ground state energy and excitation spectrum of a simple $N$-state $Z_N$ spin chain described by free parafermions. The model is non-Hermitian for $N \ge 3$ with a real ground state energy and a complex excitation spectrum. Although having a simpler Hamiltonian than the superintegrable chiral Potts model, the model is seen to share some properties with it, e.g., the specific heat exponent $\alpha=1-2/N$ and the anisotropic correlation length exponents $\nu_\parallel =1$ and $\nu_\perp=2/N$.