Sojourn times and fixation dynamics in multi-player games with fluctuating environments

Abstract

We study evolutionary multi-player games in finite populations, subject to fluctuating environments. The population undergoes a birth-death process with absorbing states, and the environment follows a Markovian process, resulting in a fluctuating payoff matrix for the evolutionary game. Our focus is on the fixation or extinction of a single mutant in a population of wildtypes. We show that the nonlinear nature of fitnesses in multi-player games gives rise to an intricate interplay of selection, genetic drift and environmental fluctuations. This generates effects not seen in simpler two-player games. To analyse trajectories towards fixation we analytically calculate sojourn times for general birth-death processes in populations of two types of individuals and in fluctuating environments.