Mode analysis of Talbot effect with simplified modal method

Abstract

We report the first observation of the periodical properties for Talbot effect with {\pi} phase jump. Analytical expressions are derived from simplified modal method to analyze the novelty phenomenon of the Talbot effect with {\pi} phase jump, which can deepen our understanding of physical diffraction process. Importantly, the physical reason of {\pi} phase jump can be attributed to that the two even grating modes make the left derivative and right derivative of real part of the E1 opposite in sign, which results in the physical information of first order diffractive wave hidden in the near field Talbot effect image. We expect that this theoretical work will be helpful for the tremendous potential applications of the Talbot effect.