On the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs)

Abstract

We derive stringent constraints on the persistent source associated with FRB 121102: Size $10^{17}$ cm $<R<10^{18}$ cm, age $<300$ yr, characteristic electron energy $\varepsilon_e\sim0.3$ GeV, total energy $\sim10^{49}$ erg. The hot radiating plasma is confined by a cold plasma of mass $M_c<0.03 (R/10^{17.5}{\rm cm})^4 M_\odot$. The source is nearly resolved, and may be resolved by 10 GHz observations. The fact that $\varepsilon_e\sim m_p c^2$ suggests that the hot plasma was created by the ejection of a mildly relativistic, $M\sim10^{-5} M_\odot$ shell, which propagated into an extended ambient medium or collided with a pre-ejected shell of mass $M_c$. The inferred plasma properties are inconsistent with typical "magnetar wind nebulae" model predictions. We suggest a physical mechanism for the generation of FRBs (independent of the persistent source model): Ejection from an underlying compact object, $R_s\sim10^{6}$ cm, of highly relativistic shells, with energy $E_s=10^{41}$ erg and Lorentz factor $\gamma_s$~$10^3$, into a surrounding e-p plasma with density $n\sim0.1/cm^3$ (consistent with that inferred for the plasma producing the persistent emission associated with FRB 121102). Such shell ejections with energy typical for FRB events lead to plasma conditions appropriate for strong synchrotron maser emission at the GHz range, $\nu_{ coh.}\sim0.5(E/10^{41}erg)^{1/4}$ GHz. In this model, a significant fraction of the deposited energy is converted to an FRB with duration $R_s/c$, accompanied by ~10 MeV photons carrying less energy than the FRB. The inferred energy and mass associated with the source are low compared to those of typical supernova ejecta. This may suggest some type of a "weak stellar explosion", where a neutron star is formed with relatively low mass and energy ejection. However, the current upper limit on R does not allow one to rule out $M_c\sim1M_\odot$.