Fixed points and flow analysis on off-equilibrium dynamics in the boson Boltzmann equation

Abstract

We consider fixed points of steady solutions and flow directions using the boson Boltzmann equation that is a one-dimensionally reduced kinetic equation after the angular integration. With an elastic collision integral of the two-to-two scattering process, in the dense (dilute) regime where the distribution function is large (small), the boson Boltzmann equation has approximate fixed points with a power-law spectrum in addition to the thermal distribution function. We argue that the power-law fixed point can be exact in special cases. We elaborate a graphical presentation to display evolving flow directions similarly to the renormalization group flow, which explicitly exhibits how fixed points are connected and parameter space is separated by critical lines. We discuss that such a flow diagram contains useful information on thermalization processes out of equilibrium.