Fractal Weyl law for the Ruelle spectrum of Anosov flows

Abstract

On a closed manifold $M$, we consider a smooth vector field $X$ that generates an Anosov flow. Let $V\in C^{\infty}\left(M;\mathbb{R}\right)$ be a smooth function called potential. It is known that for any $C>0$, there exists some anisotropic Sobolev space $\mathcal{H}_{C}$ such that the operator $A=-X+V$ has intrinsic discrete spectrum on $\mathrm{Re}\left(z\right)>-C$ called Ruelle resonances. In this paper, we show a fractal Weyl law: the density of resonances is bounded by $O\left(\left\langle \omega\right\rangle ^{\frac{n}{1+\beta_{0}}}\right)$ where $\omega=\mathrm{Im}\left(z\right)$, $n=\mathrm{dim}M-1$ and $0<\beta_{0}\leq1$ is the H\"older exponent of the distribution $E_{u}\oplus E_{s}$ (strong stable and unstable). We also obtain some more precise results concerning the wave front set of the resonances and the invertibility of the transfer operator. Since the dynamical distributions $E_{u}$,$E_{s}$ are non smooth, we use some semi-classical analysis based on wave packet transform associated to an adapted metric $g$ on $T^{*}M$ and construct some specific anisotropic Sobolev spaces.