Lattice polarization effects on the screened Coulomb interaction $W$ of the GW approximation

Abstract

In polar insulators where longitudinal and transverse optical phonon modes differ substantially, the electron-phonon coupling affects the energy-band structure primarily through the long-range Fr\"ohlich contribution to the Fan term. This diagram has the same structure as the $GW$ self-energy where $W$ originates from the electron part of the screened coulomb interaction. The two can be conveniently combined by combining electron and lattice contributions to the polarizability. Both contributions are nonanalytic at the origin, and diverge as $1/q^2$ so that the predominant contribution comes from a small region around $q{=}0$. Here we adopt a simple estimate for the Fr\"ohlich contribution by assuming that the entire phonon part can be attributed to a small volume of $q$ near $q{=}0$. We estimate the magnitude for $\mathbf{q}{\rightarrow}0$ from a generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation, and the radius from the inverse of the polaron length scale. The gap correction is shown to agree with Fr\"ohlich's simple estimate $-\alpha_P\omega_L/2$ of the polaron effect.