On the gyrocenter transform implemented on Lagrangian differential 1-form with the existence of magnetic perturbation

Abstract

This paper pointed out that the usual gyrocenter transform, which implements single-parameter Lie transform perturbation theory on Lagrangian differential 1-form of the orbit of charged particles immersed in a strong magnetic field, is not a near identical coordinate transform, and further causes some unphysical terms in the eventual orbit equations.