Anisotropy-driven quantum capacitance in multi-layered black phosphorus

Abstract

We report analytic results on quantum capacitance (C$_{q}$) measurements and their optical tuning in dual-gated device with potassium-doped multi-layered black phosphorous (BP) as the channel material. The two-dimensional (2D) layered BP is highly anisotropic with a semi-Dirac dispersion marked by linear and quadratic contributions. The C$_{q}$ calculations mirror this asymmetric arrangement. A further increase to the asymmetry and consequently C$_{q}$ is predicted by photon-dressing the BP dispersion. To achieve this and tune C$_{q}$ in a field-effect transistor (FET), we suggest a configuration wherein a pair of electrostatic (top) and optical (back) gates clamp a BP channel. The back gate shines an optical pulse to rearrange the dispersion of the 2D BP. Analytic calculations are done with Floquet Hamiltonians in the off-resonant regime. The value of such C$_{q}$ calculations, in addition, to its role in adjusting the current drive of an FET is discussed in context of metal-insulator and topological phase transitions and enhancements to the thermoelectric figure of merit.