Thermodynamic and transport properties in Au + Au collisions at RHIC energies from the clustering of color strings

Abstract

In this work, we have extracted the initial tempearture from the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in $Au+Au$ collisions using STAR data at RHIC energies from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 to 200 GeV. The initial energy density ($\varepsilon$), shear viscosity to entropy density ratio ($\eta/s$), trace anomaly ($\Delta$), the squared speed of sound ($C_s^2$), entropy density, and bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio ($\zeta/s$) are obtained and compared with the lattice QCD calculations for (2+1) flavor. The initial temperatures obtained are compared with various hadronization and chemical freeze-out temperatures. The analysis of the data shows that the deconfinement to confinement transition possibly takes place between $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 and 19.6 GeV.