Exact time-dependent exchange-correlation potential in electron scattering processes

Abstract

We identify peak and valley structures in the exact exchange-correlation potential of time-dependent density functional theory that are crucial for time-resolved electron scattering in a model one-dimensional system. These structures are completely missed by adiabatic approximations which consequently significantly underestimate the scattering probability. A recently-proposed non-adiabatic approximation is shown to correctly capture the approach of the electron to the target when the initial Kohn-Sham state is chosen judiciously, and is more accurate than standard adiabatic functionals, but it ultimately fails to accurately capture reflection. These results may explain the underestimate of scattering probabilities in some recent studies on molecules and surfaces.