On low eigevalues of the entanglement Hamiltonian, localization length, and rare regions in disordered interacting one-dimensional systems

Abstract

The properties of the low-lying eigenvalues of the entanglement Hamiltonian and their relation to the localization length of disordered interacting one-dimensional many-particle system is studied. The average of the first entanglement Hamiltonian level spacing is proportional to the ground state localization length and shows the same dependence on the disorder and interaction strength as the localization length. This is the result of the fact that entanglement is limited to distances of order of the localization length. The distribution of the first entanglement level spacing shows a Gaussian-like behavior as expected for level spacings much larger than the disorder broadening. For weakly disordered systems (localization length larger than sample length), the distribution shows an additional peak at low level spacings. This stems from rare regions in some samples which exhibit metallic-like behavior of large entanglement and large particle number fluctuations. These intermediate 'microemulsion' metallic regions embedded in the insulating phase are discussed.