On Iwasawa's class number formula for $\mathbb{Z}_p\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions

Abstract

Let $p$ be a prime number. In this paper, we estimate the variation of the sizes of quotients of certain finitely generated $p$-torsion Iwasawa modules, which are closely related to class numbers. We also construct some $\mathbb{Z}_p\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions whose Iwasawa $\mu$-invariant is nonzero. At the end of this paper, we calculate the determinants of some matrices that are related to the groups $\mathbb{Z}_p\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_p$.