Visible transitions in Ag-like and Cd-like lanthanide ions

Abstract

We present visible spectra of Ag-like ($4d^{10}4f$) and Cd-like ($4d^{10}4f^2$) ions of Ho (atomic number $Z=67$), Er (68), and Tm (69) observed with a compact electron beam ion trap. For Ag-like ions, prominent emission corresponding to the M1 transitions between the ground state fine structure splitting $4f_{5/2}$--$4f_{7/2}$ is identified. For Cd-like ions, several M1 transitions in the ground state configuration are identified. The transition wavelength and the transition probability are calculated with the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and the relativistic CI + all-order approach. Comparisons between the experiments and the calculations show good agreement.