Super-horizon second-order perturbations for cosmological random fluctuations and the Hubble-constant problem

Abstract

The super-horizon second-order density perturbations corresponding to cosmological random fluctuations are considered, their non-vanishing spatial average is shown to be useful in solving the serious problem on the cosmological tension between measured Hubble constants at present and those at the early stage, and the difference from previous works on the backreaction is discussed.