Linear Response for dynamical systems with additive noise

Abstract

We show a linear response statement for fixed points of a family of Markov operators which are perturbations of mixing and regularizing operators. We apply the statement to random dynamical systems on the interval given by a deterministic map $T$ with additive noise (distributed according to a bounded variation kernel). We prove linear response for these systems, also providing explicit formulas both for deterministic perturbations of the map $% T$ and for changes in the noise kernel. The response holds with mild assumptions on the system, allowing the map $T$ to have critical points, contracting and expanding regions. We apply our theory to topological mixing maps with additive noise, to a model of the Belozuv-Zhabotinsky chemical reaction and to random rotations. In the final part of the paper we discuss the linear request problem for these kind of systems, determining which perturbations of $T$ produce a prescribed response.