Geometric phase of light-induced conical intersections: Adiabatic time-dependent approach

Abstract

Conical intersections are degeneracies between electronic states and are very common in nature. It has been found that they can also be created both by standing or by running laser waves. The latter are called light-induced conical intersections. It is well known that conical intersections are the sources for numerous topological effects which are manifested e.g. in the appearance of the geometric or Berry phase. In one of our former works by incorporating the diabatic-to-adiabatic transformation angle with the line-integral technique we have calculated the Berry-phase of the light-induced conical intersections. Here we demonstrate that by using the time dependent adiabatic approach suggested by Berry the geometric phase of the light-induced conical intersections can also be obtained and the results are very similar to those of the time-independent calculations.